See kringaz on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Kring"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "crinc"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*kring"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "kring"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "rink"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kring"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"semantic loan",
"semantic loan"
],
"word": "lingkungan"
},
{
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kren"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "kring"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "krink"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "crinc"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*kring"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kring"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "krendel"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kréndelʹ",
"word": "кре́ндель"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kringel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "krendel"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kréndelʹ",
"word": "кре́ндель"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Krengel"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rinkeli"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "kringel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "krinc"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "*kring"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kring"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "krendel"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kréndelʹ",
"word": "кре́ндель"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kringel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "krendel"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kréndelʹ",
"word": "кре́ндель"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Krengel"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rinkeli"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "kringel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "krinc"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "chrinc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "kringur"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "kringur"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "kring"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "omkring"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "ikring"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "kringom"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "kring"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "omkring"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "ikring"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "kringr"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Samic",
"lang_code": "smi-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*riŋkē"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kringaną<t:to turn, to fall>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kringaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kringaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*kringaz\">",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the strong verb *kringaną (“to turn, to fall”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kringaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kring",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kringą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kringanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kringas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kringis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kringǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kringai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kringamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kringō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kringamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kringaz m",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kringaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ring, circle"
],
"id": "en-kringaz-gem-pro-noun-a3rdM7G8",
"links": [
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"circle",
"circle"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*hringaz"
},
{
"word": "*hwirbilaz"
},
{
"word": "*raduraz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkriŋ.ɡɑz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iŋ.ɡɑz"
}
],
"word": "kringaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Kring"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "crinc"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*kring"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "kring"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "rink"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kring"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"semantic loan",
"semantic loan"
],
"word": "lingkungan"
},
{
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kren"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "kring"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "krink"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "crinc"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*kring"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kring"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "krendel"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kréndelʹ",
"word": "кре́ндель"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kringel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "krendel"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kréndelʹ",
"word": "кре́ндель"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Krengel"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rinkeli"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "kringel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "krinc"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "*kring"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kring"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "krendel"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kréndelʹ",
"word": "кре́ндель"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kringel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "krendel"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kréndelʹ",
"word": "кре́ндель"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Krengel"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rinkeli"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "kringel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "krinc"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "chrinc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "kringur"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "kringur"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "kring"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "omkring"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "ikring"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "kringom"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "kring"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "omkring"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "ikring"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "kringr"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Samic",
"lang_code": "smi-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*riŋkē"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kringaną<t:to turn, to fall>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kringaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kringaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*kringaz\">",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the strong verb *kringaną (“to turn, to fall”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kringaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kring",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kringą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kringanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kringas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kringis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kringǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kringai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kringamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kringō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kringamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kringaz m",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kringaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/iŋ.ɡɑz",
"Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/iŋ.ɡɑz/2 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"ring, circle"
],
"links": [
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"circle",
"circle"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*hringaz"
},
{
"word": "*hwirbilaz"
},
{
"word": "*raduraz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkriŋ.ɡɑz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iŋ.ɡɑz"
}
],
"word": "kringaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kringaz meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.